---
title: "Best Instagram AI Chatbot for DMs in 2026: 8 Tools"
slug: instagram-ai-chatbot
author: "Leonardo Maldonado"
category: "Tools & Alternatives"
articleType: comparison
tags: ["AI chatbot for Instagram DMs","best AI chatbot for Instagram","Instagram chatbot with AI","free AI chatbot for Instagram","conversational AI for Instagram"]
publishedAt: 2026-09-04T09:00:00.000Z
updatedAt: 2026-09-04T09:00:00.000Z
canonical: https://setluca.com/blog/instagram-ai-chatbot
---# Best Instagram AI Chatbot for DMs in 2026: 8 Tools

> The best Instagram AI chatbot depends on what the messages in your inbox look like. ManyChat and Chatfuel put AI on top of proven capture flows. InstantDM and Inrō do it cheapest. SetSmart, Tidio, and Luca hold real conversations. Meta's free AI Studio closed to new setups on August 10, 2026, so new accounts now need a paid tool.

## Key takeaways

- "Chatbot" now covers two products: scripted flow bots (ManyChat, Chatfuel, InstantDM) and conversational AI (SetSmart, Inrō, Tidio's Lyro, Luca). Know which one you're buying.
- Meta's AI Studio was the free built-in creator AI. Since August 10, 2026, new AI characters can't be created; existing ones keep running.
- Cheapest paid entries: InstantDM at $9.99/mo and SetSmart at $25/mo. Inrō and Chatfuel both keep real free tiers.
- The billing unit decides your launch-month bill: AI messages, conversations, Active Contacts, and flat plans price the same inbox very differently.
- No chatbot closes a high-ticket sale alone. The honest job description is qualify, answer, follow up, and book, with a human on the close.

---

Most people shopping for an Instagram AI chatbot have already outgrown their inbox. A Reel lands, forty threads open overnight, the same five questions arrive on repeat, and the one lead ready to buy waits behind all of them.

The word "chatbot" covers two different machines, though. A scripted bot follows a flow you built and stalls on any question you didn't predict. Conversational AI reads the message and writes an answer to it. Both get sold under the same name, and the cost of confusing them is a lead who asked a real question and got a menu.

This guide reviews eight tools across both camps, with every price checked against the vendor's own page on August 14, 2026. One of them is ours, and our own site says Luca isn't a chatbot, so the vocabulary and the ground rules come first.

## Is a chatbot the same as conversational AI?

No, and the gap between them is the most expensive thing on this page. A classic chatbot is a script with triggers: someone comments "GUIDE," it sends the guide, and a decision tree routes each tap to a prewritten branch. Conversational AI generates the reply from the message itself, so "I've been burned by two coaches already, how are you different?" gets an answer rather than a booking link.

Buyers use one word for both, which is fair, because vendors do too. ManyChat and Chatfuel started as flow builders and added AI layers. SetSmart, Inrō, and Tidio's Lyro sell the AI as the product. The label on the pricing page won't tell you which machine you're getting. The test that will: ask what happens to a message the tool has never seen before.

We should disclose our own vocabulary here. We call Luca an [AI DM setter](/blog/what-is-an-ai-dm-setter), not a chatbot, because it drafts replies for a human to approve instead of chatting unattended, and its job is booking sales calls rather than deflecting questions. That's a real distinction, and it's also the word fight of a vendor. You searched "chatbot," so this page reviews the whole category on its merits, scripted bots included. And if what you're really missing is lead records rather than replies, that's a different purchase, covered in our [Instagram CRM roundup](/blog/instagram-crm).

## How did we evaluate these Instagram AI chatbots?

The disclosure comes before the verdicts: **Luca is our product.** That shapes what we know well and what we could be wrong about, so here are the rules we held ourselves to.

**1. Pricing comes from the vendor's own page, dated.** Every number below was read off a public pricing or newsroom page on August 14, 2026, with the full list in the Sources block. Nothing from review-site round-ups. Where a vendor doesn't publish a figure, we say so instead of guessing.

**2. We tested the category's hard question.** For each tool we looked at what its AI does with an unscripted message, because that's where a chatbot earns or loses its keep. Deflecting "what's your price?" is table stakes.

**3. The billing unit gets its own attention.** AI messages, Lyro conversations, Active Contacts, and flat plans produce very different bills for the same launch week.

**4. We name where a rival beats us.** Several tools here are a better buy than Luca for specific readers, and each of those entries says so plainly. If your DM load is fans asking where you bought your leggings, don't pay us $99 a month.

What we couldn't do: run all eight on a live account for a quarter. Feature notes come from vendor docs and pricing pages, not from months of daily use of each one.

## Which Instagram AI chatbot tools should you compare?

Eight tools, sorted by what they're for. The AI type column is the one to read first.

| Tool | Best for | Starting price | Free option | AI type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **ManyChat** | Comment-to-DM capture with AI replies | $14/mo; AI from Pro ($29/mo annual) | Yes -- 25 contacts/mo | Scripted flows + Manychat AI |
| **Chatfuel** | Paid traffic into DMs with an AI sales agent | $49/mo (AI PRO) | Yes -- Chatfuel Light | Scripted flows + AI agent |
| **Luca** | Coaches closing high-ticket in DMs | $99/mo flat | No -- paid only | Conversational AI + human review |
| **SetSmart** | AI qualification on a budget | $25/mo | No -- 7-day trial on Pro | Conversational AI |
| **Inrō** | Instagram-native creators | Free; Pro EUR 12.99/mo | Yes -- 100 contacts/mo | Campaigns + AI agent |
| **InstantDM** | Cheapest auto-DM with AI replies | $9.99/mo | No -- 7-day trial | Triggers + AI agents |
| **Tidio (Lyro)** | Website support that also reads Instagram | Free; paid from $24.17/mo | Yes -- 50 conversations/mo | Support AI, metered by conversation |
| **Meta AI Studio** | Fan FAQs on accounts that set up before Aug 10, 2026 | Free | Built into Instagram | Creator AI (closed to new setups) |

Prices from each vendor's pricing page, retrieved August 14, 2026.

## What are the 8 best AI chatbots for Instagram DMs in 2026?

### 1. ManyChat: the default chatbot, now with AI on Pro

Still the tool most people mean when they say "Instagram chatbot," and the capture layer is genuinely the best in the category. Published 2026 tiers: Free ($0, 25 Active Contacts a month), Essential ($14, 250), Pro ($29/mo on annual billing, $39 month-to-month, 2,500), Business ($69, 7,500), Advanced ($139, 25,000). Manychat AI ships with Pro and up: you teach it your business and it answers DMs, replies to comments, and steers conversations toward a goal. The Free and Essential plans don't include it.

**Pros:** the most reliable comment-to-DM trigger anywhere, broadcasts, five channels, AI included in the plan price from Pro. **Cons:** the AI rides on flow logic rather than replacing it, Active Contact billing spikes in launch months with no payment cap, and off-script sales questions still land on you. **Best for:** content-driven capture with light AI answers on top. Our full [ManyChat review](/blog/manychat-review) covers the platform, and our [ManyChat AI review](/blog/manychat-ai-review) tests the AI layer on its own.

### 2. Chatfuel: an AI sales agent with the simplest pricing here

Chatfuel runs automations across Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp, and its paid tier leads with AI: an "AI sales manager" plus an AI knowledge base you load with your own material. Pricing is unusually clean. Chatfuel Light is free with no card, AI PRO is $49/mo with a yearly discount, and there's a free trial. The catch sits in the footnotes: usage limits apply per plan, and the numbers live on a separate limits page rather than the pricing table.

**Pros:** one clear paid tier, a real free plan, WhatsApp included, AI answers drawn from your own knowledge base. **Cons:** the limits take digging to find, and the AI is a sales assistant inside a marketing tool rather than a setter that owns follow-up. **Best for:** coaches running paid traffic into DMs who want AI replies and attribution in one place.

### 3. Luca: conversational AI with a human on the approve button

Our tool, so read the other entries first. Luca reads every inbound DM, qualifies the lead by having the conversation rather than running a form, drafts a reply in your voice, follows up for days, and books the call. Every draft waits in a review queue until you approve it, and auto-send stays off by default on every plan and channel. That queue is the reason we resist the chatbot label: unattended chat is exactly the failure mode we built against, because on a $2,000 offer one bad automated answer costs more than a slow one. Starter $99/mo (one channel, 300 conversations), Pro $249 (all four channels, 1,500), Scale $499 (5,000, multi-account), top-ups $29 per 100.

**Pros:** replies written to the question the lead actually asked, multi-day follow-up and no-show rescue, four channels, flat pricing that holds when a Reel lands. **Cons:** no free plan, no comment-to-DM growth tools, and if you want a bot that answers instantly with nobody watching, the review queue will feel like friction, because it is. **Best for:** coaches selling $1,500+ offers where the DM thread is the sales call.

### 4. SetSmart: the cheapest real conversational AI

SetSmart sells AI qualification and call booking across Instagram, WhatsApp, and Messenger, and every plan gets every feature; you're buying volume. Light is $25/mo for 250 AI messages with a hard cap and no top-ups. Pro is $97 (1,000 messages, top-ups $100 per 1,000), Scale $297 (4,000), Enterprise $797 (15,000). Pro and Scale carry a 7-day trial; Light bills immediately. Calendar integrations include Calendly, Cal.com, and GoHighLevel.

**Pros:** genuine conversational AI at the lowest entry price in the category, all channels on all plans, voice and image support. **Cons:** the Light cap stops the automation dead mid-month, and per-message billing is hard to predict when one chatty lead eats ten messages. **Best for:** AI qualification under $30. **At that budget and modest volume, SetSmart beats us on price and we won't pretend otherwise.** Our [SetSmart review](/blog/setsmart-review) goes deeper.

### 5. Inrō: Instagram-native, with the most generous free tier

Inrō is Instagram-only on purpose: DMs, comments, story mentions and replies, live comments, and ads. The Free plan covers 100 active contacts a month with 50 AI agent credits and no card. Pro starts at EUR 12.99/mo with the AI agent included and contacts that auto-scale from 500, an annual plan runs EUR 1,249/yr at the 10,000-contact mark, and Managed accounts start near EUR 200/mo. Pro carries a 14-day trial.

**Pros:** the best free tier in the roundup, an AI agent included at a hobby-budget price, story-reply coverage many tools skip. **Cons:** one channel only, and the auto-scaling price schedule between the published anchors isn't listed. Our [Inro pricing teardown](/blog/inro-pricing) brackets what it costs at real sizes. **Best for:** an Instagram-native creator who wants capture plus light AI replies under EUR 20/mo. **At that size, Inrō is the better buy and Luca is overkill.**

### 6. InstantDM: under ten dollars, with AI agents attached

InstantDM covers Instagram reels, posts, stories, DMs, and Live comments, plus Facebook page comments and Messenger. Legend Pro is $9.99/mo with automations rated to 750 an hour; Trendsetter is $24.99/mo for high-volume accounts and agencies, adding API access and WhatsApp support. Its AI agents run on ChatGPT, Claude, or Gemini and answer questions, qualify leads, and reply to DMs and comments. Both plans carry a 7-day trial with no card.

**Pros:** the cheapest paid tool here, unlimited contacts, email capture inside DMs, a real AI reply layer at a trigger-tool price. **Cons:** the product is built around throughput, and a 750-an-hour send ceiling is an invitation to behave in ways Instagram notices. **Best for:** creators and small accounts that want keyword capture with AI answers for the lightest possible bill.

### 7. Tidio (Lyro): a support AI that happens to speak Instagram

Tidio comes from the website-support world, and Lyro, its AI agent, is built to resolve customer questions from your knowledge base. The pricing page lists Free ($0, 50 conversations a month), Starter at $24.17/mo, Growth from $49.17/mo, and Plus from $300/mo, with Lyro's AI conversations metered separately and a 7-day trial covering everything. Instagram integration is listed on every plan, alongside live chat, email, and Messenger.

**Pros:** mature AI trained for accurate answers, one inbox across your website and socials, a real free plan to test with. **Cons:** it's a support desk at heart. Lyro resolves tickets; it doesn't chase a lead who went quiet or hold a price conversation, and conversation-metered billing needs watching. **Best for:** a coach or small business with a website storefront who wants one AI answering both site chat and Instagram questions.

### 8. Meta AI Studio: the free option, honestly assessed

The free answer in this category used to be built into Instagram itself. AI Studio, launched in July 2024, let creators set up an AI extension of themselves that answered common DM questions and story replies, with responses clearly labeled as AI, topic controls, and an on/off switch in the professional dashboard. No subscription attached. For a creator whose inbox was fan FAQs, it was genuinely enough, and we'd have said so.

The tense matters now. Meta's August 10, 2026 update says people can no longer create new AI characters or edit existing ones, as the company shifts focus to its next generation of AI experiences. Existing characters and chats stay active on upgraded infrastructure.

**Pros:** free, native, clearly labeled, and zero third-party access to your account. **Cons:** closed to new setups, frozen for editing, answers only light questions, and it was never able to qualify a lead or book a call. **Best for:** accounts that set an AI up before the cutoff and mostly field repeat questions. Everyone else now starts at $9.99/mo.

## Which AI chatbot for Instagram DMs should you choose?

Choose by the shape of the messages in your inbox, not by the feature grid. Repetitive questions reward a scripted bot. Real sales conversations reward conversational AI. Most inboxes hold both, which is why stacks are common.

**Keep your Meta AI Studio setup if** you built one before August 10, 2026 and your DMs are mostly fan questions. It's free and it still runs. Just don't expect qualification or booking from it.

**Choose ManyChat if** your top of funnel is comment-to-DM capture and broadcasts, and the AI layer on Pro covers your question load.

**Choose Chatfuel if** you're running paid traffic into DMs and want AI answers plus attribution from first message to sale.

**Choose InstantDM or Inrō if** the budget is under $25/mo, Instagram is your only channel, and nobody negotiates a $4,000 package in your inbox.

**Choose SetSmart if** you want true conversational AI at the lowest entry price and can live with a hard message cap.

**Choose Tidio if** your business runs through a website as much as through DMs and the job is accurate answers, not appointment setting.

**Choose Luca if** the DM is the sales call, with messy questions, price objections, and follow-up over days, and you want every reply drafted in your voice with the approval staying in your hands. Our [best AI DM setter](/blog/best-ai-dm-setter) guide compares that narrower category head to head.

**Run two if** capture and conversation are both real jobs for you: ManyChat or Inrō catching the comment, a conversational tool underneath carrying everything that isn't a keyword. That's the most common setup we see among coaches past about 50 leads a month.

## A worked example: Amara's launch week, priced three ways

Illustrative composite, not a real client. Amara is a mindset coach in Toronto selling a $2,200 eight-week program. A launch Reel performs, and 140 new DM threads open across the week. Average threads run about nine messages each once qualification and scheduling happen, and her own [qualification questions](/blog/lead-qualification-questions-for-coaches) are the same five she'd ask in person.

Priced on SetSmart: 140 leads at nine messages each is roughly 1,260 AI messages. That clears Pro's 1,000 allowance, so the month costs $97 plus a $100 top-up block, about $197. On Light, the 250-message cap dies before the end of day two, which is exactly the week she can't afford silence.

Priced on ManyChat Pro: 140 contacts sit comfortably inside the 2,500 allowance, so the bill stays $29. But around 60 of those threads open with something off-script, "I did two programs like this and nothing stuck" or a straight [price objection](/blog/how-to-handle-i-cant-afford-it), and those land back on Amara, at night, in batches.

Priced on Luca Starter: 140 conversations sit inside the 300 allowance for a flat $99. Every reply is drafted for her to approve, so the off-script threads get real answers without her writing them from scratch.

No option is wrong. The $29 bill costs her evenings, the $197 bill scales with the exact spike she planned for, and the $99 bill buys drafts she still has to tap. Which trade is right depends on whether those 60 hard threads are where her revenue lives. At $2,200 a sale, they usually are.

## Which edge cases trip up an Instagram AI chatbot?

**The 2am buyer in another timezone.** Every tool here can reply instantly at any hour, and an instant 2am reply reads as a bot even when it's good. Queue overnight replies for the morning unless the lead is clearly awake and mid-conversation. Matching a person's pace beats winning a speed contest they didn't ask for.

**The window has already closed.** Meta's Messenger Platform policy gives you 24 hours to respond to a message, extended to 7 days with the Human Agent tag. A chatbot cheerfully "following up" outside that window is sending messages that never arrive. Build the [follow-up sequence](/blog/dm-follow-up-sequence) inside the window, and move longer cycles to a channel you captured, like email.

**The person messaging is already a client.** Qualification questions aimed at someone who paid you last month read as contempt with a smiley on it. Tag current clients and route their messages straight to a human, whatever tool you run.

**The voice note and the shared Reel.** Leads answer questions with voice notes and react to posts instead of typing. Scripted bots treat both as dead air. Some conversational tools handle voice (SetSmart lists voice and image support), and some don't. Ask before you buy, because "the bot ignored my message" is how warm leads cool.

## What breaks after you turn the chatbot on?

| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The AI states a price or promise you never made | Generative replies with no guardrails or a stale knowledge base | Constrain topics, update the source material, and route price talk to a human or an approval step. |
| Replies fire but bookings don't move | The bot deflects questions instead of qualifying and asking for the call | Measure booked calls, not response counts. Add a booking step or a tool whose job is booking. |
| Instagram flags suspected automated behavior | Send volume jumped from zero to bot-pace on day one | Slow the pace, ramp over 7-10 days, keep replies inbound-only. |
| Leads get two different replies | A capture bot and an AI tool both subscribed to the same account | Split by trigger: keywords to the capture tool, everything else to the conversation layer. |
| The AI sounds like a stranger in your shirt | Trained on marketing copy rather than your real threads | Feed it 20-30 genuine past conversations, including ones where you pushed back on price, and approve everything for a fortnight. |
| The AI bill doubled in a launch week | Message- or conversation-metered billing met a spike | Check your billing unit, pre-buy volume before launches, or move the spiky channel to a flat plan. |

Most rows in that table trace back to pace and permissions rather than the tool's brand. The platform's actual limits, and what gets accounts restricted, are collected in our guide to the [Instagram DM automation rules](/blog/instagram-dm-automation-rules-2026).

## What mistakes do people make buying an Instagram AI chatbot?

**Buying the word instead of the mechanism.** "AI chatbot" on a pricing page can mean a decision tree with autocomplete or a model that writes real answers. Ask one question of every vendor: what happens to a message you have no flow for? The answer sorts the whole market.

**Judging the AI on the vendor's demo questions.** Every demo handles "what are your prices?" Bring your three hardest real messages, the skeptical one, the rambling one, the price objection, and paste them in during the trial. The gap between tools shows up in minutes.

**Turning full auto-send on in week one.** The AI's first drafts are its worst drafts, and it has learned nothing about you on day one. Keep a human approving replies until you stop editing them. On high-ticket offers, consider never fully letting go; that's the design bet we made, and week one is where it pays most.

**Ignoring the billing unit.** A $25 hard cap, a $29 contact meter, a conversation-metered AI, and a $99 flat plan are four different bets on your launch week. Model your best month, because that's when metered bills spike.

**Running an undisclosed bot.** Meta labels creator AI responses, California's bot-disclosure law covers commercial bots, and leads increasingly ask outright. Disclose in the reply or the bio. An AI your leads discover by catching it lying about being human costs more than it ever saved.

## One honest limit

A chatbot, ours included, does not close a high-ticket sale. The lead who's emotionally invested, half-decided, and reading your tone is still won by a human who can hear what isn't being typed. AI handles the opening, the qualification, the 11pm question, and the fourth follow-up nobody enjoys sending, and then its best move is handing you a warm, booked conversation. That handoff is why our review queue exists: the drafts do the labor, the coach keeps the judgment, and nothing goes out with your name on it that you didn't approve.

The other honest limit is volume. If your inbox holds ten real conversations a week, you don't need any Instagram AI chatbot on this page yet. Answer them yourself, thoughtfully, within the hour. Buy tooling when threads start slipping, because the tools are for keeping promises at a volume where memory fails, and no tool improves on a coach with time to care.

If the conversation is the part your current chatbot keeps fumbling, see what an AI setter costs on [Luca's pricing](/pricing) page.


## FAQ

### What is the best AI chatbot for Instagram DMs in 2026?

It depends on the job. ManyChat (from $14/mo, AI from Pro) leads for comment-to-DM capture. InstantDM ($9.99/mo) and Inrō (free, then EUR 12.99/mo) are the budget picks. SetSmart (from $25/mo) qualifies cheaply. Luca ($99-$499/mo flat) carries real sales conversations with human approval.

### Is there a free AI chatbot for Instagram?

Yes, three real ones. Inrō's free plan covers 100 active contacts and 50 AI credits, Chatfuel Light is free with basic automations, and ManyChat's free plan allows 25 Active Contacts a month. Meta's own AI Studio was the free built-in option, but it closed to new setups on August 10, 2026.

### What is the difference between a chatbot and an AI setter?

A chatbot follows a script: keyword in, prewritten branch out. An AI setter reads the actual message, drafts a reply to the question asked, qualifies the lead, and books the call. The chatbot deflects repetitive questions; the setter carries a sales conversation. Many tools now sit somewhere between the two.

### Can I still use Meta AI Studio for my Instagram DMs?

Only if you built your AI before August 10, 2026. Meta's update says people can no longer create new AI characters or edit existing ones, while existing characters and chats stay active on upgraded infrastructure. New accounts that want AI in their DMs now need a third-party tool.

### Do I have to tell followers they're chatting with AI?

Yes. Meta labels creator AI responses clearly, California's bot-disclosure law applies to commercial bots, and honesty also works commercially: Twilio's 2025 engagement report found 54% of consumers want to know when they're talking to AI. Disclose it in the reply or your bio and move on.

### Are AI chatbots safe to connect to Instagram?

Yes, when the tool uses Meta's official API, which every tool in this roundup does. The real risks are behavioral: sending too fast, messaging outside the reply window, or contacting people who never messaged you. Keep replies inbound-only at a human pace and the connection itself is not the risk.

### How much does an Instagram AI chatbot cost in 2026?

From free to $797 a month. Inrō and Chatfuel keep free tiers, InstantDM starts at $9.99/mo, SetSmart at $25/mo, Chatfuel AI PRO is $49/mo, Luca runs $99-$499/mo flat, and SetSmart Enterprise tops the list at $797/mo. The billing unit matters more than the sticker price.

### Can an AI chatbot close a high-ticket sale on Instagram?

Not alone, and be wary of any vendor claiming otherwise. AI handles the opening, qualification, follow-up, and booking well. The close on a $2,000+ offer still lands with a human who can read hesitation and adjust. Use the chatbot to get every lead to that conversation faster.


## Sources

1. [Manychat -- Pricing (Free 25 Active Contacts; Essential $14, Pro $29 annual/$39 monthly, Business $69, Advanced $139; Manychat AI included from Pro)](https://manychat.com/pricing)
2. [Chatfuel -- Pricing (Chatfuel Light free; AI PRO $49/mo; AI sales manager and knowledge base; usage limits per plan)](https://chatfuel.com/pricing)
3. [SetSmart -- Pricing (Light $25, Pro $97, Scale $297, Enterprise $797; AI-message allowances and top-up rates; channels on all plans)](https://setsmart.io/pricing)
4. [Inrō -- Pricing (Free 100 contacts and 50 AI credits; Pro from EUR 12.99/mo auto-scaling; annual EUR 1,249/yr; Managed from EUR 200/mo)](https://www.inro.social/pricing)
5. [InstantDM -- Pricing (Legend Pro $9.99/mo, Trendsetter $24.99/mo; AI agents on ChatGPT, Claude, or Gemini; 7-day trial)](https://instantdm.com/pricing)
6. [Tidio -- Pricing (Free 50 conversations; Starter $24.17/mo, Growth from $49.17/mo, Plus from $300/mo; Lyro AI metered by conversation; Instagram integration on all plans)](https://www.tidio.com/pricing/)
7. [Meta Newsroom -- "Create Your Own Custom AI with AI Studio" (July 2024 launch; August 10, 2026 update: no new AI characters or edits, existing characters remain active)](https://about.fb.com/news/2024/07/create-your-own-custom-ai-with-ai-studio/)
8. [Meta for Developers -- Messenger Platform policy overview (24-hour window, 7-day Human Agent tag)](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/messenger-platform/policy/policy-overview/)
9. [California Legislature -- SB 1001, Bots: disclosure (Bolstering Online Transparency Act)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1001)
10. [Twilio (2025) -- State of Customer Engagement Report: 54% of consumers want to know when they're talking to AI](https://www.twilio.com/en-us/press/releases/socer-2025)

---

Published by SetLuca, the company behind Luca.